System for marketing leisure activity services through prepaid tickets

ABSTRACT

One-time-use tickets containing a unique identification code that allow for prepayment of entertainment or personal services are distributed and sold. When a ticket is sold, it is activated by the seller notifying a ticket information manager of its sale, at which time the ticket&#39;s unique identification code is recorded by the ticket information manager. Part of the sale price is transferred by the vendor to an account maintained by a ticketing program manager. Ticket-holders present the ticket for redemption of the particular service from an agreed service provider. The service provider verifies the ticket&#39;s validity by checking with the ticket information manager that the ticket&#39;s unique identification code is valid and that the ticket has been activated. While the purchase price of the ticket is fixed, service providers will receive their agreed payment price from the ticketing program manager&#39;s account when a ticket user redeems a ticket regardless of whether that price is higher or lower than the ticket purchase price.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to marketing and distributing services, especiallyparticipatory sports or entertainment services, by collecting aprepayment and issuing to a customer a ticket or similar indicia thatcan be redeemed for a particular service. The service is one that can beobtained at the customer's option from any of a plurality of distinctservice providers, including providers that normally charge more or lessthan others for the particular service involved. The invention furtherinvolves accounting for the usage and payment for services on thisbasis.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Goods and services are typically obtained in exchange for payment andthe payment might be rendered in various ways and in various amounts,such as by tender of cash currency, funds transfer between accounts,debit card purchase and exhaustion, credit arrangements involving futurepayment, barter or various other techniques. The particular goods orservices that a customer might obtain from different providers differ.The reputations of providers differ. The manner of providing services,such as the time of day or as a function of demand or other aspects alsodiffer. Importantly, the providers also demand different prices.

The differences between available offerings of goods and servicesgenerally boil down to differences in the costs and benefits ofavailable goods and services that consumers have the option to choose.The costs and benefits of the possible choices are judged and comparedby customers when making purchasing decisions. The customers seek thegreatest benefit per unit cost and are free to make selections among avariety of different providers' offerings and terms, or even tosubstitute one type of service for another according to the customer'sneeds.

The relative merits and different options are perceived differently bydifferent consumers, such that some consumers are willing to pay more orless than others for particular aspects of goods or services. Theconfluence of offerings (including what is offered and the terms ofpayment) with the selections made by consumers is the nature of themarket of supply and demand by which resources are allocated amongconsumers in a market economy.

Not all consumer transactions are classic exercises of supply and demandwherein the customer has the utmost control and choice among differingalternatives with incrementally different costs and/or different pricingand payment arrangements. One example is a vendor's prepaid giftindicia, which can take various forms ranging from an authorizednumbered slip bearing the vendor's name and a dollar amount to plasticcards bearing the vendor's logo and having a magnetically readable stripwith a predetermined dollar value, each redeemable at the vendor's salesoutlets. A prepaid gift indicia is generally issued by a particularretailer and can only be redeemed at that retailer's facilities. In thissituation, the person who purchases the gift indicia may exercise adegree of choice, but the person who redeems it (typically the recipientof the gift) has no choice except to use the issuing retailer as theprovider. Inasmuch as the issuer and the provider are the same entity,the issuer/provider has full control of the extent to which the sellingprice of the gift card corresponds to the offering price of the goods orservices that are delivered. It is conceivable that the issuer/providermay include a premium or discount to encourage patronage and/or purchaseof gift indica, but within the control of the issuer/provider, the goodsor services are provided in exchange for an amount that is related tothe issuer/provider's pricing schedules.

It its known that providers of personal entertainment and sportingservices, can issue a gift ticket that represents an incremental cashvalue or an incremental quantity of their services. This is possiblebecause pricing and terms upon the sale of the gift ticket arecontrolled by the same party that controls the nature, quality anddelivery terms of the services. As a result, the issuer/provider canissue a gift ticket for a given cash value or for a given increment ofservices. Thus a gift ticket or coupon might be granted for one pass toa matinee show or one Saturday afternoon bowling game, presumably withthe ticket priced at an amount related to the pricing of the associatedservice. If the gift ticket is not defined as equal to a given serviceand/or if the issuer offers different services at different prices, thenthe gift ticket is denominated as a cash value and the user is entitledto deduct from the value on the ticket when paying for services, untilthe value associated with the ticket is exhausted.

It would be advantageous if a convenient arrangement could be organizedwhereby different potentially-competing suppliers of services can allhonor a coupon or gift ticket or similar indicia of value that isdenominated not in a monetary value but as as a particular service. Itis not possible for the purchaser of a gift ticket for a given incrementof services from one establishment to redeem the gift ticket at anotherestablishment for comparable services, because the services are notlikely to be of the same value to consumers, or offered at the sameprice by suppliers. If such a system were envisioned, it wouldnecessarily involve exchanges of cash value and not transactions for agiven increment of services regardless or where it is obtained.

A gift ticket system might be envisioned where one can buy a gift ticketfor an incremental entertainment service (a single movie showing, forexample), but if that gift ticket was to be redeemable at any of aplurality of competing different movie theaters, some provision would beneeded to account for the fact that some theaters are more comfortable,have larger screens and better sound systems and consequently havehigher ticket prices than others. Such an arrangement would not likelybe practical, or at least would be less practical than using cashcurrency, and would require a network of behind-the-scenes fundtransfers in varying amounts per transaction, between establishments atwhich the gift tickets are sold to customers and establishments at whichthe customer redeems the tickets for more or less expensiveentertainment services. On the other hand, one could issue gift ticketsfor an incremental amount of money, leaving it to the consumer to decidewhere to expend the gift ticket, either wholly or in some successivenumber of transactions that each represent less than the full initialcost of the gift ticket.

Gift tickets can resemble debit cards and be presented by customers fordeduction of an incremental monetary value in exchange for goods orservices of that cost. It is known to have the representation of valuecarried on the card itself (e.g., in the case of a “smartcard” havingsecurity aspects). Alternatively, it is known to have the card carry aserial number or address associated with a record stored in a databasein communication with points of sale. These arrangements also requirebehind-the-scenes transfer of funds among the entities selling thecards, perhaps the customer, and the entities at which the card isredeemed for goods or services.

It is known that credit cards can be issued that may be selectivelylimited to certain vendors, either by the users (to limit purchases bytheir children or others to whom the cards are lent) or by corporations(for example to employees' limit meal and entertainment expenses tocertain establishments). See Cohen, U.S. Pat. No. 6,422,462 “Apparatusand Methods for Improved Credit Cards and Credit Card Transactions.”Such cards are still redeemable, however, for the cash value ofpurchases made and the users are still responsible for paying fortransactions on an as-used basis.

An arrangement that requires such a network of funds transfers isactually already in place. Credit card systems including Visa,MasterCard, Discover, American Express, etc., deal with goods/servicesproviders across the board. They are available for the most part to anycustomer and to any supplier. However, existing credit card systems workbecause there is a medium of exchange, namely dollars and cents (orother currencies), that is the same as to all suppliers and all possiblegoods and services. There is no practical way in which to supply a givenservice, such as a round of golf or a theater ticket, that is free ofassociation with a particular supplier and might be redeemed by thecustomer at any of a plurality of possible suppliers, even though theirpricing may differ, without relying on a backup funds transfer networkassociated with the point of sale.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An inventive system and method arrange for prepayment by a customer of apredetermined sum for indicia such as a one-time-use gift ticket. Theticket is redeemable for a particular incremental quantity of services,as opposed to a cash value. The ticket is redeemable at any of aplurality of different providers that offer services that might be moreor less similar but that qualify as the stated sort of services. Thesystem and method are particularly applicable to personal services,entertainment services and similar quantifiable services, e.g., a moviepass (at any participating theater), a round of golf (at anyparticipating golf course), a spa treatment (at any participating spa),etc.

The providers are independent entities that determine the nature oftheir own offerings and set their own prices. The gift ticket issuerenlists a number of suppliers of services to be obtained by redemptionof the ticket for services, each having offerings that have character,terms and pricing arrangements that are approximately equal but maydiffer up to some threshold. Enlisted service providers agree toparticipate in the program and agree to accept the prepaid gift ticketas a payment method.

According to an inventive aspect, the enlisted service providers are notrequired to accept some standard or negotiated amount that is less thantheir regular price for services of the type that are delivered.Instead, the service providers accept for payment one time use ticketsand process the sale to the customer over an existing credit cardnetwork or as some other financial transaction (including such instantpayment systems as Pay Pal, which allows secured payment directly out ofan existing bank account) in which the account that is debited is theaccount of the entity that issued the one-time-use ticket.

Gift tickets are sold through sales outlets, through the Internet, bytelephone or in large blocks to institutional purchasers. Participatingmerchants whose services may be redeemed through the gift ticket systemcan also be empowered to sell the tickets. The tickets can be retailitems of purchase that are activated at the point where the tickets aresold to customers.

The customers can use the gift tickets to redeem a stated increment ofservices for themselves or can present the ticket as a gift. The systemis particularly applicable for use in giving gifts or employee awards orincentives, because the emphasis is wholly on redemption for theservices and not on redemption of a given cash value.

Gift tickets each contain a unique identification code and are loadedwith a predetermined value identified as a one-time use at anycustomer-chosen one of the service providers who have agreed toparticipate and who provide the pertinent goods or services that areidentified when the ticket is sold.

When a ticket is sold, it is activated by the seller, for example byscanning a bar code associated with a uniform product code or by swipinga magnetic strip on the ticket itself, and notifying a ticketinformation manager of its sale. At that time, the unique identificationcode of the ticket is noted in a memory file by the ticket informationmanager. A predetermined portion of the sale price (i.e. less anyservice fee to the vendor) can be transferred by the vendor to theticketing program manager at the time of ticket activation. Anotheralternative is that the entire purchase price is credited to an accountmaintained by or for the ticketing program manager who then regularlycompensates the vendor for its participation, either on a flat-fee basisor as some function of the number of tickets sold, including perhapsadded incentives at various sales level thresholds.

Gift tickets sold over the Internet or by telephone can be mailed in anactivated state or can employ security features requiring the purchaserto activate the ticket (by Internet or telephone) upon receipt, forexample, by repeating a code that was given to the purchaser at the timeof the sale or by repeating a password determined by the purchaser atthe time of sale.

The ticket can be purchased by the ultimate user or advantageously isgiven by the purchaser to the end user, for example as a gift, anemployee or sales incentive award, a premium item or the like. The giftticket holder presents the ticket for redemption of the particularservice from one of a plurality of agreed service providers. Theidentities of the agreed service providers can be stored in an inclusiontable that is employed by a ticket information manager. The serviceprovider verifies the ticket's validity by checking with the ticketinformation manager that the ticket's unique identification code isvalid and that the ticket has been activated, in a transaction that ismuch the same as a credit card authorization, which can use the samepoint of sale network communications as a credit card transaction.

According to another aspect, although the gift ticket is issued as aone-time-use item, purchasers can choose to add incremental value toupgrade the ticket at the time of purchase or prior to redemption. Thisfeature has two main applications. With the capability of adding anincremental value, it is possible to apply the invention to services ofa given kind (such as a round of golf, for example) that have more thansome predetermined threshold difference in value that prevents them frombeing peers. Thus, the invention can be applied to an arrangement inwhich 18 holes at an international golf course such as Pebble Beach orthe Masters' course in Augusta, for example, can be regarded as distinctservices from less prestigious local golf courses that represent thenorm. The customer can purchase an upgrade (or several incrementalupgrades if more than one is needed for a particular provider) ifdesired, to the higher quality level in the same category of “a round ofgolf,” which can be redeemed at any of the venues that fall into thehigher classification.

Alternatively or in addition to providing upgrades for moving upwardlybetween two or more classes of a given service that might render twoalternatives as peers, the holder of a ticket can be permitted to obtainan upgrade that arranges a ticket issued for one person for a givenclass of services to be redeemable for more than one person, within thesame class of services.

Upgrades as described can be purchased in a manner similar to theinitial transaction at which the ticket was originally offered and sold.Alternatively, sales of upgrades can be made in various other ways, suchas through an Internet web site with the use of a credit card or bytouch tone telephone through an Interactive Voice Response systemconnected to the ticket information manager's data storage system.

It is an aspect of the system and method that the purchase price of thegift ticket is fixed, but the ticket holder can redeem the ticket at anyof a plurality of providers of a given service, even though the serviceproviders may normally assess different prices. The service providersare credited in the redemption process with their agreed payment pricefrom the ticketing program manager, so that the provider is paid in anormal manner when a ticket user redeems a ticket for a service. In thisway, ticket holders are fully as welcome at the provider's establishmentas a customer that might remit cash currency when obtaining the sameservice. In one embodiment of the system, the ticket is recognized by anexisting credit card system such as American Express, Visa, MasterCharge, Discover, etc. (particularly, Discover, which currently has thecapability to distinguish among vendors in an inclusion list), and canbe swiped in existing point of sale terminals, thus allowing forfamiliar use by the service provider and instant payment to the serviceprovider's account. The service provider is credited for the price ofits services in the usual manner of a credit card network, but unlikethe usual credit card transaction, a charge is not levied against theuser's account, but is debited against an account held by the ticketingprogram manager.

A system is also disclosed to implement the marketing, sale, redemptionand account management of a one-time-use gift ticket for prepaidentertainment or personal services.

The above aspects and features of the invention will be betterunderstood from and are disclosed in further detail by the followingdetailed description of certain preferred embodiments of the invention,provided in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis written description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of theinvention as well as other information pertinent to the disclosure, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a stylized block diagram overview of a prepaid services systemaccording to the invention; and,

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating steps of an exemplary embodimentand method of administering a prepaid services system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIG. 1, a stylized overview of a prepaid services system,10, is provided. As described herein, the prepaid services systemincludes seven primary parties: seller 20, purchaser 30, ticket user 35,ticket information manager 70, service provider 80, financial networkand ticketing program manager 95.

Referring to the flow diagram of FIG. 2, at step 100, a ticketingprogram manager 95 desiring to implement the one-time-use gift ticketsystem of the invention, especially for a particular type ofentertainment or personal service but also potentially for sale ofgoods, enlists a plurality of providers 80 of one or more substantiallycomparable services. The ticketing program manager 95 negotiates ifnecessary with the providers to honor the one-time-use ticket 40according to the procedures described herein, namely to accept theticket in exchange for provision of the provider's regular services andto seek remuneration for such services from the system maintained by orfor the ticketing program manager.

It is advantageous for the ticketing program manager who enlists theservice provider to bring the provider on as a member of a common groupenterprise including, for example, advertising the enterprise and theprovider's membership in the enterprise and the like. Likewise,membership in the enterprise can benefit individual providers, throughadditional advertising, access to new clientele and association with aproduct (the one-time-use ticket) that may be promoted as having acertain desirable cachet in and of itself. Additionally, it is desirablethat the service providers accept the ticket at all times they are open,so that a “no-blackouts” feature of the gift ticket will enhance itsacceptance in the marketplace and add to the desirability of receivingsuch a pass as a gift. However, it is not strictly necessary for theprovider to undertake any particular responsibilities other than toprovide the same services to gift ticket users as the provider providesto regular cash customers.

In this exemplary illustration of the invention, plural serviceproviders 80 all provide at least one same stated service or article ofgoods, for example a round of golf, a day's worth of skiing or treatmentat a health spa or the like. A broad network of providers of likeservices who accept the one-time-use ticket improves the marketabilityof the ticket, since the ability for the user to select among a varietyof convenient providers is a desirable feature and one whichdifferentiates the ticket in the present invention from ordinary giftcards or other indicia redeemable only at the retailers from whom it waspurchased. It is also expected that the various providers will providesomewhat different services and may assess different charges, up to athreshold of difference within which the providers are considered toprovide the “same” service as authorized and redeemable by presentingthe one time use gift ticket.

Therefore, while the particular service for which a ticket is to be usedis nominally the same service for that series of ticket (i.e., fortickets sold for redemption for a uniquely named or described service),the service providers need not all agree to provide identical servicesor to charge a dictated price for their services. Within the thresholdof comparable pricing, differences in services can be accommodated owingto such factors as specific service component differences, location,prestige and quality, or other differences, as well as arbitraryconsumer preferences. It is an inventive aspect of the subject systemand method that service providers are not required to each acceptidentical payment value for their services, despite the fact that thegift ticket is sold for a given price and is redeemable for suchservices at any of the service providers.

The ticketing program manager sets the price charged by seller 20 forsale and activation of the ticket, so as to accommodate variations inactual service provider prices. One way to do this is to set the ticketprice in view of the most expensive of all of the service providers,plus any service fee collected by the ticketing program manager. Anothermethod, that advantageously allows a lower ticket price, and which canbe expected to improve sales, is to set the ticket selling price near tothe average charge incurred by all users of the service providers, pluscosts of operating the system and a reasonable return to the ticketingprogram manager. Costs of operating the system can include items such asa fee to the ticket information manager for maintaining a processor tohandle ticket information data storage and verification and validationof tickets and costs associated with the financial network, which, mightbe a credit card network, in which case the credit card company mightreceive a portion of the sale price.

That is, the ticket selling price should be set and/or periodicallyadjusted so that the use of the tickets integrated over all the usersand providers, has a sufficient surplus selling price over the averagecost of the service (which may or may not be the same as the averageprovider price, given that users may frequent certain providers morethan others), to provide at least a modest return on investment to theticketing program manager. The ticket selling price is determined sothat any overage that accumulates when a ticket is used to obtain theservice from providers whose services are priced at less than the ticketselling price is balanced against the shortfall that arises when aticket is used to obtain the service from providers whose services arepriced higher than the ticket selling price. This calculationadvantageously takes into account the extent to which users may preferto patronize certain providers over others (e.g., providers that areperhaps more prestigious, that advertise more, that have been inbusiness longer or that have locations that are convenient to a largernumber of users). The calculation also provides for a return to theticketing program manager over a break-even number.

After the service provider relationships have been established (step100) or while that is occurring, the ticketing program manager 95establishes relationships with existing sales outlets (step 110) whowill sell the one-time-use tickets. The sellers 20 have point of saleterminals 50 connected to an existing network 60 that will allow fast,efficient communication with the ticket information manager 70. Thiscommunication is desirable for the transfer of the information requiredto initialize a ticket once it has been purchased. If the existingnetwork is connected to a financial network 90, such as that maintainedby a credit card company, this can also facilitate the automatictransfer of funds between the sellers 20 and the ticketing programmanager 95 and between the ticketing program manager and serviceproviders 80. For example, the credit card company can maintain anescrow account for the ticketing program manager, into which funds aretransferred from the sellers and from which funds are withdrawn to payservice providers. By using an existing credit card network as thefinancial “rail” for the system, funds transfers can be managed withminimal day-to-day involvement from the ticketing program manager. Whilethe use of an existing credit card network as the communication networkcarries certain advantages it is also possible for the requiredcommunications to take place over an Internet connection (for example toa secure web page hosted by the account manager) or a telephoneconnection to either “live” operators or an Interactive Voice Responsesystem connected to the ticket information manager's (70) data storageequipment.

In one exemplary embodiment, the ticket information manager 70 has acommunications link or other access to a financial network 90 which is acredit card provider's network. When a ticket is swiped on a point ofsale terminal 50 at either the seller's end or the service provider'send, the credit card network will communicate with or otherwise accessthe ticket information manager's equipment. All ticket verification orvalidation and approval of service providers is handled directly by theticket information manager. The ticket information manager simplyreturns an accept or reject message to the credit card network, whichthen either causes the transaction to be processed at the point of saleterminal or not.

In an alternative embodiment, the gift ticket issuer can be a commercialorganization other than a seller, with communications equipment or thelike to activate the ticket through communications with the ticketingprogram manager.

Once relationships with the sellers 20 and service providers 80 areestablished, the ticketing program manager distributes one-time-usetickets (step 120). Preferably the tickets are distributed at first inan un-initialized state, namely functional but not yet validated foruse. A validation process includes placing suitable codes or notationson the tickets or storing codes in the tickets or elsewhere in a datastorage medium that is accessible over a communication network. Thesecodes can be checked when determining whether to permit use of thetickets.

In one embodiment, the tickets have a preprinted unique identificationcode and a magnetic strip or other means of recording information. Thestrip or other means can be prerecorded with a unique or at leastsubstantially unique identification code for each ticket. The uniqueidentification code may be an alphabetic code, a numeric code, an alphanumeric code, or other appropriate identification code capable ofuniquely identifying an individual ticket, and perhaps also identifyingthe related type of service (e.g., golf, spa, etc.). In an alternateembodiment, the tickets do not have a preprinted or prerecordedidentification code, but do contain a recordable medium such as amagnetic strip or an electronic storage device, which may be loaded witha unique code preliminarily or may have an area in which such a code isinserted as a part of the initialization procedure.

According to an advantageous aspect, the issued ticket is configured andformatted with certain indicia characteristic of a standard credit card.This can include, without limitation, printed or embossed accountidentification numbers, a magnetic strip or on board integrated circuitmemory, a one or two dimensional optical bar code, etc. The informationcan be prerecorded or at least partly recordable. Two or more redundantmeans for storing the same information, such as an account number or thelike, can be provided for data entry in different optional ways, of thedifferent storage techniques can be used for information that isotherwise cross referenced. Advantageously, the ticket has sufficientinformation carried thereon to permit use of the ticket substantially inthe same physical manner as a standard credit card, namely usingequipment conventionally provided at a point-of-sale terminal 50(scanners, magnetic strip swipe readers, keyboards, etc.).

In one embodiment, the ticketing program manager has reserved for itselfa series of digits or numbers or number combinations in a standardcredit card format that are unique to the account manager and identifyone or more accounts associated with the ticketing program manager.Initialization and validation steps, which are processed by a ticketinformation manager 70 can be undertaken over an existing communicationnetwork 60, which advantageously is a network that processesconventional credit cards, or can be another public or private datacommunication network. Other types of communication devices may be usedinstead of or in addition to a standard point-of-sale terminalprogrammed to handle credit cards, so long as the device is capable ofcommunicating sufficient ticket information over an operablecommunications network to effect the steps as described herein. Forexample, in another form of the invention, the ticket information can betransmitted between the seller and the ticket information manager bytelephone either by voice in association with a live operator or througha telephone keypad to an Interactive Voice Response system.

The one-time-use ticket proceeds through several steps associated withinitial issue, sale (preferably with validation concurrently upon sale),and later presentation as an identification of value used to presentremittance for a service. At step 130, the purchaser 30 selects a giftticket for purchase and pays the seller 20 some agreed purchase price31. This transaction can be a conventional retail, wholesale or othertransaction in which one or more tickets are exchanged for cash orcredit or other remuneration.

At step 131, the seller 20 activates the ticket, preferably includingtransmitting an identification code that is or becomes associated withthe ticket (e.g., is at least partly read from or written onto theticket). The identification code is at least substantially unique to theticket and is transmitted over the existing communications network 60 tothe ticket information manager 70 or to a data store associated with theticket information manager 70. If the system is such that the ticketalready has a preprinted or recorded identification number, the ticketinformation manager compares this number with the numbers of ticketsthat it has previously distributed to sellers as one step in determiningvalidity. If the ticket has a valid number that has not already beenprocessed, the ticket information manager records the ticket's number,noting for example in a data memory that the ticket has now beenpurchased and should be authorized for use. Other information is alsopreferably recorded, including at least the purchase price and the dateof the sale transaction (step 132). The ticket information managerpreferably acknowledges by communication back to the seller that theticket is valid and now has been initialized (step 133), although theacknowledgement can be deferred or accomplished off line.

The seller then accepts payment 31 from the purchaser 30 (who might ormight not be the ultimate ticket user). At some point, the sellertransfers payment 21 to the ticketing program manager, preferablythrough a financial network such as a credit card network. If a creditcard network is used, funds can be automatically transferred to anescrow account maintained with the credit card company for the ticketingprogram manager. Although the seller could have previously paid theticketing program manager in full for the tickets and then resells themto customers, it is preferable that payment to the ticketing programmanager's escrow account is made from funds received from the customer.Therefore, payment is transferred to or for the benefit of the ticketingprogram manager when payment is tendered by the customer. The payment tothe ticketing program manager (or it's escrow account) is the paymenttendered, less a portion of the sale price that is due to the seller(step 134) in consideration of making the sale.

In an embodiment wherein the communication network 60 is an existingcredit card network, credit can be transferred immediately to theticketing program manager's account. In another embodiment, theinitialization process can take place over the Internet, e.g., via asecure web page hosted by the ticketing program manager or another partyproviding account transfer services. For example, payment to theticketing program manager's escrow account can be effected throughavailable Internet payment mechanisms such as Pay Pal, which providesfor value transfer to user's accounts. Otherwise, the seller 20 canremit funds owed to the ticketing program manager 95 on an invoiced orother basis. Because the initialization of the ticket (steps 131-133)must be done through the ticket information manager 70, an exact,up-to-date record is maintained of how many tickets each seller hassold, and at what price. This facilitates accountability and correctpayment to the ticketing program manager or into its escrow account.

Once a customer has purchased a ticket, the ticket may be used by thepurchaser 30 or by someone to whom the purchaser has conveyed theticket, for example as a premium or as a gift for redemption, etc. Theticket is used as a representation of value used as remittance at any ofthe agreed service providers 80. (Inasmuch as the user 35 might or mightnot be the same party as the purchaser 30, for the purpose of thisdescription, the term “user” should be construed to encompass an initialpurchaser or anyone to whom the purchaser has conveyed the ticket.)

A ticket user 35 presents the ticket to a service provider at step 150in order to redeem the indicated service. At step 151, the serviceprovider preferably verifies the validity of the ticket by data transferwith the ticket information manager 70 over the communications network60. If the communications network is one that is maintained by a creditcard provider, the credit card provider's equipment would recognize theunique identification code as being not an ordinary credit card but aone-time-use ticket and would contact the ticket information manager toperform verification of both the service provider's inclusion in theprogram and the validity of the individual ticket. As a first check, theticket information manager will verify that the service provider isamong those who have agreed to accept the tickets. (Step 152). This maybe accomplished by the storage of an inclusion table by the ticketinformation manager. If the communications network is also a credit cardnetwork, the initial screening for whether a service provider is listedin an inclusion table can also be made by the credit card serviceprovider. The unique identification code associated with the ticket isthen transmitted to the ticket information manager. At step 153, theticket code is compared with a list of codes stored in a data basemaintained by (or for) the ticket information manager, namely a list ofvalid ticket codes for initialized but as-yet-unused tickets. If theticket code is valid and the ticket has not yet been used, the ticketinformation manager returns a message to the service provider (via thecredit card network if employed as part of the system) that the ticketis valid, indicating that the user may redeem a single use of theservice provider's services, such as the aforementioned round of golf,day of skiing or treatment at a health spa or the like. The ticketinformation manager then records data referenced to the ticket code torepresent that the ticket has been used, so that the ticket may not beused validly again (step 154).

By communicating to the service provider 80 that the ticket is valid,the ticket information manager 70 basically indicates that the ticketingprogram manager 95 will remit payment 81 to the service provider 80 thepurchase price of the service for which the ticket user 35 has presentedthe ticket. If a credit card provider is serving as the financialnetwork and the communications network, the ticket information managercan signal the credit card provider to release funds from an escrowaccount maintained for the ticketing program manager directly to theservice provider's account. To facilitate validation, it is possible fora service provider that offers various services to report to the ticketinformation manager that a particular service is being redeemed, wherebythe ticketing program manager can account for the amount to be remitted.Finally, the ticket information manager sends a notification to thefinancial network that a ticket has been redeemed, at which point thefinancial network provider transfers payment 81 from the ticketingprogram manager's account to the service provider's account. (Step 155).

In the embodiment wherein the communications network 60 is (or linkswith) an existing credit card network, credit for the funds may betransferred from the ticketing program manager (or its escrow accountmaintained by the credit card network) to the service provider's accountimmediately in the same way as a credit card transaction, but customeris not privy to the accounting details of price and the like, andpreferably is not required to present identification or sign receipts orthe like, because the monetary transaction is between the ticketingprogram manager and the service provider.

Although a credit card network can be used, the communications networkcan be another public or private data communications network, such as anInternet connection to a web page hosted by (or for) the ticketinformation manager or alternatively by the ticketing program manager.The ticketing program manager can transfer funds to the service providerusing a variety of Internet-based services, such as Pay Pal, Bill Point,etc. Otherwise, the ticketing program manager can make payment by checkor other means to service providers on a periodic basis to account forthe number of users that have used that service provider's servicessince last payment. It will be recognized that the separate functionalblocks depicted in FIG. 1 as ticket information manager 70 and ticketingprogram manager 95 may be performed by the same entity. It should berecognized that an escrow account cam be maintained either by theticketing program manager as depicted in FIG. 1 or by the financialnetwork 90 on behalf of the ticketing program manager.

If, at step 153, the ticket information manager determines that theticket does not have a valid identification code, or has a code for aticket that has already been used once, then a message is returned tothe service provider indicating that the ticket is not valid and thatthe service provider should not accept the ticket as payment forservices. A similar message would result if, at step 152, the ticketinformation manager does not recognize the service provider as one whohas agreed to participate in the prepaid leisure activity servicessystem. That is, the service provider is not listed in the ticketinformation manager's inclusion table.

It is an aspect of the invention that the gift ticket carriesinformation and functions as a means for the user to obtain and remitfor an incremental service, as opposed to an incremental sum of money.The various service providers may actually charge different amounts forservices. A given service provider may assess different charges atdifferent times. Likewise the retailer that originally sold the ticketto the customer may have more or less of a markup. From the user'sstandpoint, the system treats the ticket as the means to provide anincrement of services (or possibly goods) apart from these pricingconsiderations, which is advantageous. At step 160, after the system hasbeen in operation for some period of time, the ticketing program managercan compare and reconcile any overage/underage on proceeds received ontickets presented for higher or lower priced service providers and/orsold by sellers with higher or lower markups, and adjust pricing andpayment strategies or provider membership arrangements, if necessary.These differences are absorbed and averaged by the ticketing programmanager, who can make certain decisions about how the system is run andpriced. For example, the ticketing program manager may decide based onexperience to adjust the sale price of future tickets or may determinethat certain sellers and/or providers will or will not become or remainactive, competition and supply and demand causing the market to reach anequilibrium. However, because the gift ticket represents credit for aservice and not a monetary value to the users, a change in price for newticket purchases will not affect the redeem-ability of tickets alreadypurchased.

In another embodiment of the invention, the purchasers or ticket usersare provided a capability to add a limited amount of incremental valueto the ticket (an upgrade), either at time of purchase or at any timeafter purchase and prior to redemption of the ticket for services (step140). The addition of incremental value can be employed at least twoways. The feature incorporating the addition of incremental value canapply to allow use of the ticket at service providers whose services arepriced significantly higher than the initial value of the ticket, e.g.,services that are substantially different and that might be expected tobe priced very differently from other services of the same category. Ifa user wants to redeem the ticket at one of these service providers,incremental value must first be added to the ticket. Incremental valueneed not necessarily be an integer multiple of the ticket's initialvalue, but can be a fraction of the initial value. However, it is aparticular feature of the invention that the ticket always reflectsincremental values, or credits, to the user, and not monetary value.While the ticket information manager may store for each ticket datarepresenting the actual monetary value that has been purchased by theticket user, any features that allow the user to retrieve informationabout the ticket (such as Interactive Voice Response or Internet accessdescribed more fully below) will always return incremental creditinformation and not monetary value to the user. This distinctionreinforces the premise that the ticket represents the ability to redeema service from agreed providers regardless of the cost of that service.

In another method, additional incremental value is used to allow theuser to redeem the ticket to accommodate providing the service toadditional people at the time of redemption, for example, so that theuser and a guest or guests can pay for all of their rounds of golf onthe ticket. According to a preferred arrangement, a ticket withadditional incremental value, like an initial ticket, cannot bepresented on more than one occasion. Instead, the ticket is marketed andused as a one-time-use ticket for a given service, and adding incrementsrefers to adding (or perhaps changing) the service that is provided whenthe single use is redeemed by one or more associated users. It will berecognized that the incremental upgrades for higher-priced serviceproviders and for allowing additional guests can also be combined toallow either or both options as part of the method.

The feature incorporating the addition of incremental value can apply toallow use of the ticket at service providers whose services are pricedsignificantly higher than the initial value of the ticket, e.g.,services that are substantially different and that might be expected tobe priced very differently from other services of the same category. Ifa user wants to redeem the ticket at one of these service providers,incremental value must first be added to the ticket. Incremental valueneed not necessarily be an integer multiple of the ticket's initialvalue, but can be a fraction of the initial value. However, it is aparticular feature of the invention that the ticket always reflectsincremental values, or credits, to the user, and not monetary value.While the ticket information manager may store for each ticket datarepresenting the actual monetary value that has been purchased by theticket user, any features that allow the user to retrieve informationabout the ticket (such as Interactive Voice Response or Internet accessdescribed more fully below) will always return incremental creditinformation and not monetary value to the user. This distinctionreinforces the premise that the ticket represents the ability to redeema service from agreed providers regardless of the cost of that service.

In another embodiment of the invention, a user can purchase additionalincremental value directly from the ticketing program manager, or anagent of the ticketing program manager. This can be implemented invarious ways, including via telephone or the Internet.

A telephone-based method for allowing purchase of additional incrementalvalue can be implemented either with “live” operators who respond tousers' telephone calls or with Interactive Voice Response (IVR)equipment. In a live operator system, the operators will have access tothe ticket information manager's database of ticket (and, if applicable,user) information and can search, access and modify the information viaa computer terminal or like device. Another option provides for theticket information manager (or, alternatively the ticketing programmanager) to maintain an (IVR) system that is entirely computerized.Users who call to add additional value to their tickets will do so byentering numbers on the telephone keypad, in response tocomputer-generated messages, such as “Please enter 1 to add value toyour ticket. Now enter your 16 digit ticket number followed by the poundsign.” Ticket information can be read back to the user with voicesimulation or prerecorded messages stored as a part of the IVR system.It is also possible to combine live and IVR systems so that users havethe option of performing the transaction with a person or a computer.

A further embodiment of the system provides for Internet-based accountmanagement. The ticket information manager (or, alternatively theticketing program manager) can maintain computers connected to theInternet and programmed to allow users to access and update ticketinformation or upgrade ticket value via a web page. The web address canbe preprinted on the tickets or on the packaging with which the ticketsare sold. Upon entering the ticket information manager's secure website, users will be asked to enter the unique identification code oftheir ticket. The ticket information manager's computer will check theticket number against the database of valid ticket numbers and if thenumber is valid, allow the user to add value to the ticket, and pay forthe transaction through a standard credit card. The ticket informationmanager's database will then be updated to reflect the additional valueadded to the user's ticket and credit will be added to the ticketingprogram manager's account. In an Internet-based option, the user canalso use the Internet to simply verify ticket value or expiration dateand once connected to the ticket information manager's web page alsosearch for service providers in the user's locality, or in a traveldestination where the user expects to redeem the ticket. This featuregives added value to service providers since the web access gives theservice providers an opportunity to provide web page links withcustomized advertising or other information in addition to standardinformation provided by the ticketing program manager's web site.

In any embodiment of the invention that allows user retrieval of ticketinformation, the actual cash value that has been purchased in connectionwith the ticket is never available to the user, only the number ofincremental credits loaded onto the ticket.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the ticket informationmanager's database can be set up to store information beyond the ticketnumber and value associated with a ticket. For example, useridentification information such as name, address and e-mail address canbe stored at the time a user purchases a ticket. Storage of thisinformation would, for example, allow the ticketing program manager toreplace a lost ticket upon presentation by the user of such personalidentification information. The ticket information manager can searchits database for a user's name and determine whether the user's tickethas been redeemed. If the ticket has not yet been redeemed, then thelost ticket number can be canceled and a new ticket issued to the user.This transaction could be implemented either in person through a selleror with the ticketing program manager (or, alternatively, the ticketinformation manager) via telephone or the Internet as described above.Recordation of user information can also provide a valuable feature toservice providers who, if given access to such information (either for afee or by other agreement with the ticketing program manager) can accessthat information for marketing purposes, and can target marketingspecifically to users who have redeemed their tickets at that particularservice provider.

In the case where a ticket can have additional incremental value added,part of step 153 would include not only verifying that the ticket isvalid, but determining the total value of the ticket. Again, theticket's value as seen by a user is not intended to be in monetaryunits, but incremental credits. For example, a ticket may be initializedwith one credit at time of sale (a base value), and be valid for asingle use at all service providers who accept the base value.Additional credits can be fractions of the base value. For example,additional increments might be one quarter of the initial value. A usercan then purchase four additional increments to take a guest if that isa feature of the system, or might purchase only the number ofincremental credits to be able to use the ticket at a service providerwho does not accept the base value of the ticket. In this embodiment ofthe invention, the service provider will verify the ticket's validityand its value at time of redemption. Because the ticket is aone-time-use ticket, any additional value on the ticket that exceedsthat needed for the user to redeem the service will be lost to the user.

1-3. (canceled)
 4. The method of claim 12, wherein at least one of said,activation, optional purchase and confirmation steps includestransmission and reception of said communications over an interactivevoice response system.
 5. The method of claim 12, wherein at least oneof said activation, optional purchase and confirmation steps includesthe step of transmission and reception of said communications over apublic data communication network.
 6. The method of claim 12, whereinsaid one-time-use ticket has a maximum number of incremental values thatmay be added to the one-time-use ticket and further comprising theadditional step of (j) verifying that any additional value to be addeddoes not exceed the maximum value.
 7. The method of claim 12, whereinsaid one-time-use ticket is valid for redemption for a limited period oftime after activation and further comprising the additional step of (j)the service provider verifying with the ticket information manager anexpiration date of the ticket and that the ticket has not been presentedfor redemption after the expiration date.
 8. The method of claim 12,wherein purchaser information is recorded by the ticket informationmanager at the time of purchase and further comprising at least one saidpurchaser obtaining a replacement one-time-use ticket upon presentationof identification after the original said ticket is lost or stolen andhas not already been accepted by a service provider.
 9. The method ofclaim 12, wherein the ticket comprises indicia of a credit cardincluding at least one of a printed multi-digit numerical code, anembossed multi-digit numerical code, a magnetic strip, a barcode and astored encoded chip, representing a corresponding code and which isreadable by use of standard credit card equipment coupled to acommunication network, and wherein at least one of steps (c), (d), (g)and (h) includes transmission and reception of said data over saidstandard credit card equipment and network.
 10. The method of claim 12,wherein said one-time-use ticket contains a recordable medium andwherein the device is blank when received by a seller and validationinformation and purchase data are recorded on said recordable medium inconjunction with purchase.
 11. The method of claim 12 further comprisingcommunicating between the ticketholder and the ticket informationmanager over a public communication network, for at least one ofchecking a ticket status and a number of incremental credits thereof,including access to a processor having access to stored ticket data, andwherein said communicating excludes reporting of any monetary valueassociated with the ticket but includes reporting a number ofincremental credits purchased to date.
 12. A method for provision ofprepaid services, comprising the steps of: (a) distribution and sale ofone-time-use tickets, each possessing a substantially uniqueidentification code and representing an initial value to be remitted fora single use of a desired service, each said ticket to be valid for asingle use at any one of a plurality of service providers; (b) purchaseof at least one said ticket by a customer; (c) activation of said ticketbe a seller thereof, said activation comprising communication with aticket information manager that a particular ticket has been sold andvalidation by the ticket information manager of the uniqueidentification code of the ticket; (d) transfer of a predeterminedamount from the purchase price in favor of a ticketing program manager;(e) presentation of the ticket by a ticket-holder to one of theplurality of service providers for redemption in exchange for a singleuse of the desired service from said one of the service providers, saidone of the service providers being selected by the ticket-holder amongthe plurality of service providers; (f) wherein the ticket is redeemableat any one of said plurality of service providers for said single use,although a price debited for said service by at least certain of saidservice providers is different from a price debited by others of saidservice providers for the same said service; (g) confirmation by theservice provider of the tickets validity with the ticket informationmanager; and (h) payment by the ticketing program manager, at the pricedebited for said service by said one of said service providers, in favorof the service provider for the single use of the service; furthercomprising (i) permitting optional purchase of additional incrementalcredit above a base ticket value on the ticket by the customers saidpurchase comprising communicating an additional purchased value to theticketing program manager and payment in favor of the ticketing programmanager therefore, and presentation of the ticket by a ticket-holder toone of a plurality of service providers in exchange for use of theprovider's service where the price debited for said service by saidservice provider can be higher than the base ticket value, wherein saidadditional incremental credit is also useable to redeem services fromthe service provider when the ticket is presented for use on a givenoccasion, and wherein the ticket user can check a ticket status with theticket information manager through a telephone connection to aninteractive voice response processor having access to stored ticket dataand where the ticket user is not given the monetary value associatedwith the ticket but the number of incremental credits purchased to date.13. (canceled)
 14. The system of claim 22, further comprising: (j) meansfor determining whether the ticket presented to the service provider hasexceeded an expiration date.
 15. The system of claim 22, furthercomprising: (k) means for the user to purchase additional incrementalvalue on said ticket; (l) means for the data processing platform tostore information indicating the addition of value to the ticket; and(m) means for a service provider to verify through communications withthe data processing platform the amount of additional incremental valueadded to the ticket.
 16. The system of claim 22, wherein at least one of(c) and (g) includes transmission and reception of communications overan interactive voice response system.
 17. The system of claim 22,wherein at least one of (c) and (g) includes transmission and receptionof communications over a public data network.
 18. The system of claim22, wherein said one-time-use ticket is valid for redemption for alimited period of time after activation, and further comprising theservice provider verifying with the account manager the expiration dateof the ticket and that the ticket has not been presented for redemptionafter the expiration of the limited time period.
 19. The system of claim22, wherein purchaser information is recorded by the ticket informationmanager at the time of purchase and said purchaser may obtain areplacement one-time-use ticket upon presentation of properidentification if the original is lost or stolen and the original hasnot already been accepted by a service provider.
 20. The system of claim22 wherein the ticket contains indicia of a credit card comprising atleast one of a printed numerical code, an embossed 16 digit uniquenumerical code, and code represented by at least one of optical,magnetic and electronic encoding, which code is readable using standardpoint of sale equipment and wherein at least one of (c), (d), (g) and(h) includes transmission and reception of communications over astandard credit card network.
 21. The system of claim 22, wherein saidone-time-use ticket contains a recordable medium such as a magneticstrip and wherein the recordable medium has a blank area when receivedby a seller, and wherein validation information and purchase data arerecorded on said recordable medium in conjunction with purchase.
 22. Aprepaid service account management system, comprising: (a) a dataprocessing platform associated with a merchant payment network; (b)means for receiving from a ticket distributor and storing for access bythe data processing platform, a communication identifying a ticket witha substantially unique identification code; (c) wherein the dataprocessing platform comprises at least one processor programmed forcomparing the identification code with a list of such codes for ticketsthat have been distributed by a ticketing program manager; (d) adatabase memory accessible to the data processing platform for storinginformation indicating that a ticket with a particular said code hasbeen purchased, and also for storing an indication of whether the tickethas been redeemed; (e) means for receiving from a service provider thatis an authorized participant in the merchant payment network, acommunication identifying a ticket with a unique identification code;(f) a database memory for storing an inclusion list identifying amongall service providers that are authorized participants in the merchantpayment network, a subset of participants that are authorized serviceproviders for at least one service; (g) at least one processorprogrammed for comparing a unique identification code received from aservice provider with a list of codes for tickers that have been soldand accessing the database memory; (h) means for communicating with aservice provider that is in the inclusion list and to whom a ticket hasbeen presented for redemption that the ticket with said identificationcode is validly redeemable for a single use of a desired service,wherein said service provider is selected by ticket-holder among saidsubset of participants of the inclusion list, and marking the databasememory to show that the ticket has been used a single time; and (i)wherein the processor is programmed to credit the service provider forredemption of the ticket and to signal refusal if the database indicatesthat the ticket is not properly redeemable as presented, and wherein aticket-holder can check a ticket's status with the ticket informationmanager by access to an Internet site connected to a processor coupledto stored ticket data, and wherein the processor is programmed to reporta number of incremental units associated with the ticket, whilerefraining from reporting an associated purchase value thereof.
 23. Aprepaid services account management system, comprising: (a) a dataprocessing platform associated with a merchant payment network; (b)means for receiving from a ticket distributor and storing for access bythe data processing platform, a communication identifying a ticket witha substantially unique identification code; (c) wherein the dataprocessing platform comprises at least one processor programmed forcomparing the identification code with a list of such codes for ticketsthat have been distributed by a ticketing program manager; (d) adatabase memory accessible to the data processing platform for storinginformation indicating that a ticket with a particular said code hasbeen purchased, and also for storing an indication of whether the tickethas been redeemed; (e) means for receiving from a service provider thatis an authorized participant in the merchant payment network, acommunication identifying a ticket with a unique identification code;(f) a database memory for storing an inclusion list identifying amongall service providers that are authorized participants in the merchantpayment network a subset of participants that are authorized serviceproviders for at least one service; (g) at least one processorprogrammed for comparing unique identification code received from aservice provider with a list of codes for tickets that have been soldand accessing the database memory; (h) means for communicating with aservice provider that is in the inclusion list and to whom a ticket hasbeen presented for redemption that the ticket with said identificationcode is validly redeemable for a single use of a desired service,wherein said service provider is selected by a ticket-holder among saidsubset of participants of the inclusion list, and marking the databasememory to show that the ticket has been used a single time; and (i)wherein the processor is programmed to credit the service provider forredemption of the ticket and to signal refusal if the database indicatesthat the ticket is not properly redeemable as presented, and wherein theticket user can check a ticket's status with the ticket informationmanager through a telephone connection to an interactive voice responseprocessor having access to stored ticket data, and wherein the processoris programmed to report a number of incremental units associated withthe ticket, while refraining from reporting an associated purchase valuethereof.